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Object sorting by chimpanzees and monkeys.

H S Garcha, G Ettlinger

    Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chimpanzees demonstrated superior sorting task abilities compared to monkeys, especially when objects varied in multiple ways. However, complex sorting rules, involving conflicting attributes, presented challenges for both species.

    Area of Science:

    • Primate Cognition
    • Comparative Psychology
    • Behavioral Science

    Background:

    • Sorting tasks are crucial for assessing cognitive abilities in non-human primates.
    • Previous research indicates varying levels of cognitive complexity between chimpanzees and monkeys.
    • Understanding species-specific problem-solving strategies is key to comparative cognition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the cognitive capacities of chimpanzees and monkeys using complex sorting tasks.
    • To investigate how differing numbers of object attributes affect sorting performance.
    • To identify specific challenges in sorting that differentiate primate cognitive abilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Chimpanzees and two monkey species were presented with sets of objects for sorting.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Tasks varied in the number of differing attributes (e.g., color, size, shape).
  • Performance was evaluated based on accuracy and consistency, with a focus on "unsorting" challenges.

    • Main Results:

    • Most chimpanzees successfully sorted objects differing in multiple ways, outperforming monkeys.
    • Monkeys showed inconsistent performance, with few exceeding chance levels.
    • Chimpanzees exhibited difficulties when sorting required overriding alternative principles (e.g., sorting by color and size while "unsorting" by shape).
    • Two young chimpanzees rapidly learned to sort by color and size, but struggled with pictorial sorting and shape-based sorting under complex conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Sorting tasks effectively differentiate cognitive capacities between chimpanzees and monkeys.
    • Chimpanzees possess more advanced cognitive flexibility in sorting tasks than monkeys.
    • Complex sorting scenarios, requiring the inhibition of salient features, pose significant challenges for both species, highlighting nuanced cognitive differences.