Bone induction by porous glass ceramic made from Bioglass (45S5)

Porous glass ceramic, which was prepared from Bioglass powder (45S5, U.S. Biomaterials) by foaming with diluted H(2)O(2) solution and sintering at 1000 degrees C for 2 h, was implanted as cylinders (5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length) in thigh muscles of dogs for 3 months. Histological observation was made on thin un-decalcified sections. Bone formation was histologically found in pores of all implants (X16) retrieved from 16 dogs. The bone tissue was also identified with backscattered scanning electron microscopy observation (BSE) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). This is the first report of bone induction in soft tissues of animals by glass ceramic that has long been recognized as a bioactive (osteoconductive) biomaterial. The present results justify the impetus to investigate the osteoinductivity of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, to study the mechanism of bone induction (osteoinduction) by calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, to develop osteoinductive calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, and to examine the relation between osteoinduction and osteoconduction.