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Mortality rates among wild chimpanzees.

K Hill1, C Boesch, J Goodall

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1086, USA. kimhill@unm.edu

Journal of Human Evolution
|April 27, 2001
PubMed
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Wild chimpanzees have a short lifespan, with life expectancy at birth under 15 years. This contrasts with captive chimpanzees and human hunter-gatherers, suggesting evolutionary differences in aging and development.

Area of Science:

  • Primatology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Demography

Background:

  • Understanding primate life histories is crucial for evolutionary insights.
  • Human and chimpanzee life history comparisons offer a unique window into evolutionary trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a synthetic life table for wild chimpanzees.
  • To compare the life history of wild chimpanzees with other populations (captive chimpanzees, human hunter-gatherers).

Main Methods:

  • Data from five wild chimpanzee populations (Gombe, Taï, Kibale, Mahale, Bossou) were combined.
  • A synthetic life table was created using 3711 chimpanzee years at risk and 278 deaths.
  • Mortality rates were analyzed by sex and across study sites.

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Main Results:

  • Wild chimpanzees have a life expectancy at birth under 15 years and a mean adult lifespan of approximately 15 years.
  • Males exhibit higher mortality rates than females.
  • Survival rates in the wild are significantly lower than in captive settings or among human hunter-gatherers.

Conclusions:

  • Wild chimpanzee survival is considerably lower than in captivity or among human foragers.
  • Lower early adult mortality in humans may contribute to later senescence and longer juvenile periods compared to chimpanzees.
  • These findings highlight significant differences in life history evolution between humans and chimpanzees.