Comparative effects of ionic and nonionic iodinated low-osmolar contrast media on platelet function with the PFA-100...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Pharmacology
• Hematology

Background:

• Contrast media (CM) are crucial in medical imaging.
• Understanding CM effects on platelet function is vital for patient safety.
• Iodinated low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) are widely used, with varying ionic and nonionic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• Compare the impact of ionic (ioxaglate) and nonionic (iodixanol, iohexol) LOCM on human platelet function.
• Identify animal models that closely mimic human platelet reactivity to CM.
• Determine the specific component within ioxaglate responsible for its observed effects on platelets.

Main Methods:

• Platelet adhesion and aggregation were assessed using the PFA-100 system with collagen membrane cartridges.
• Membrane closure time (MCT) was measured to quantify antiplatelet effects.
• Blood samples from humans and various animal species were tested with different CM concentrations and ionic/nonionic controls.

Main Results:

• All tested CM significantly prolonged MCT compared to controls, indicating antiplatelet activity.
• Ionic ioxaglate demonstrated a significantly greater antiplatelet effect than nonionic iodixanol and iohexol.
• Platelet reactivity to CM was comparable across tested animal species and humans.
• The antiplatelet effect was primarily attributed to the ioxaglic moiety, independent of osmolality or specific salts (sodium/meglumine).

Conclusions:

• Ionic ioxaglate exhibits a more potent antiplatelet effect on human platelets compared to nonionic iodixanol and iohexol.
• The observed antiplatelet activity is linked to the ioxaglic molecule itself.
• Osmlality and the specific salts (sodium or meglumine) do not appear to be the primary drivers of this effect.