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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Methods for the Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Sinoatrial Node Myocytes from Adult Mice
Published on: October 23, 2016
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a molecular determinant of the cardiac pacemaker
A Moroni1, L Gorza, M Beltrame
1Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica Generali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy. anna.moroni@unimi.it
Abstract:
The pacemaker current I(f) of the sinoatrial node (SAN) is a major determinant of cardiac diastolic depolarization and plays a key role in controlling heart rate and its modulation by neurotransmitters. Substantial expression of two different mRNAs (HCN4, HCN1) of the family of pacemaker channels (HCN) is found in rabbit SAN, suggesting that the native channels may be formed by different isoforms. Here we report the cloning and heterologous expression of HCN1 from rabbit SAN and its specific localization in pacemaker myocytes. rbHCN1 is an 822-amino acid protein that, in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, displayed electrophysiological properties similar to those of I(f), suggesting that HCN1 can form a pacemaker channel. The presence of HCN1 in the SAN myocytes but not in nearby heart regions, and the electrophysiological properties of the channels formed by it, suggest that HCN1 plays a central and specific role in the formation of SAN pacemaker currents.
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