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Related Experiment Videos

From infection to autoimmunity.

D Fairweather1, Z Kaya, G R Shellam

  • 1The Department of Pathology and The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|May 4, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Viral infections can trigger autoimmune myocarditis in mice. The innate immune response, particularly NK cells and complement, influences disease progression, offering insights into infection-induced autoimmune conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Viral infections are implicated in autoimmune diseases, including myocarditis.
  • The mechanisms linking viral infection to autoimmune myocarditis are complex and not fully understood.
  • Previous research has focused on molecular mimicry as a potential trigger.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the innate immune response in virally-induced autoimmune myocarditis.
  • To explore how viral infection acts as an 'adjuvant' to promote autoimmune disease.
  • To determine the influence of specific immune components like NK cells and complement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two distinct mouse models of viral myocarditis (Coxsackievirus and murine cytomegalovirus).
  • Monitored disease development, including acute and chronic phases.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed immune cell infiltration, autoantibody production, and the role of NK cells and complement.

    • Main Results:

    • Both viral infections induced acute and chronic autoimmune myocarditis in susceptible mice.
    • Chronic myocarditis involved mononuclear infiltration and autoantibodies to cardiac myosin.
    • Natural killer (NK) cells protected against disease development, while complement and its receptors were implicated in disease pathogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • The innate immune response to viral and self-antigens critically determines the progression to chronic autoimmune myocarditis.
    • Viral infection's 'adjuvant' effect on the innate immune system is key to initiating autoimmune responses.
    • Findings highlight the importance of innate immunity in infection-induced autoimmune diseases, with implications beyond myocarditis.