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Diaphragm adaptations elicited by severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: lessons for sports science
S Levine1, T Nguyen, J Shrager
1Medical, Surgical, and Research Services, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. sdlevine@mail.med.upenn.edu
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
|May 8, 2001
Abstract:
In humans, the diaphragm adapts to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with (a) fast-to-slow transformations of the fiber types and myofibrillar proteins and (b) increases in the activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. We suggest that progressive endurance training over several decades accounts for these adaptations.