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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple mechanisms regulate subcellular localization of human CDC6.

L M Delmolino1, P Saha, A Dutta

  • 1Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 11, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Human CDC6 protein phosphorylation regulates its cell cycle-dependent movement between the nucleus and cytoplasm. This phosphorylation, occurring at the G(1)/S transition, controls DNA replication initiation.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • CDC6 is crucial for DNA replication and its levels are controlled by the cell cycle.
  • Human CDC6 (HsCDC6) localization shifts from the nucleus in G(1) to the cytoplasm in S phase.
  • This cell cycle-dependent localization is key to regulating DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind HsCDC6's cell cycle-dependent subcellular localization.
  • To determine the role of phosphorylation in regulating HsCDC6 localization.
  • To identify specific protein regions involved in HsCDC6 localization control.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis to alter phosphorylation sites (serines to alanines or aspartates), nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), and nuclear export signals (NES).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of HsCDC6 protein localization using microscopy in cells expressing wild-type and mutant forms.
  • Investigating the phosphorylation status of endogenous HsCDC6 during the G(1)/S transition.

    • Main Results:

    • Endogenous HsCDC6 is phosphorylated during the G(1)/S transition.
    • Mutating key phosphorylation sites (HsCDC6A4) results in predominant nuclear localization.
    • Mutations in NLSs lead to cytoplasmic localization, while mimicking phosphorylation (HsCDC6D4) also causes cytoplasmic retention, dependent on the NES.

    Conclusions:

    • HsCDC6 phosphorylation at the G(1)/S transition is a critical regulatory event.
    • Phosphorylation status, in conjunction with NLS and NES, dictates HsCDC6's subcellular localization.
    • This regulated localization ensures proper timing of DNA replication initiation.