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An evaluation of elastomeric impression materials based on surface compressive strength.

K Omori1, H Arikawa, K Inoue

  • 1Department of Dental Materials Science, Kagoshima University Dental School, Kagoshima, Japan.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|May 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated seven types of elastomeric impression materials used in dentistry. The researchers measured how these materials behave after they set, focusing on their compressive strength and how much they deform when pressed. They found that silicone (additional type) materials remained stable after setting, while other materials showed increased strength and less deformation. The pressing speed used during testing had a noticeable effect on deformation. At 450 seconds after setting, there was a strong match between actual measurements and predictions based on elastic theory. These findings suggest that material type and temperature are important factors in maintaining accurate impressions. The study may help dentists choose materials that provide more stable and reliable impressions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Polymer mechanics in clinical dentistry
  • Biomechanics of impression materials

Background:

Elastomeric impression materials are widely used in dentistry for capturing detailed impressions of oral structures. However, the mechanical behavior of these materials after setting remains an area of limited understanding. Prior research has shown that setting time and temperature influence material properties, but the extent of these effects on surface compressive strength and deformation remains unclear. No prior work had resolved how pressing speed affects material deformation after setting. This gap motivated a closer examination of material behavior under controlled conditions. Standardized methods for measuring compressive strength are available, but their application to different types of elastomers has not been fully explored. Variability in mixing ratios and material types introduces uncertainty in clinical outcomes. Understanding how these factors interact is essential for improving impression accuracy. This study aimed to address these uncertainties by evaluating seven commercial materials under controlled thermal and mechanical conditions.

Keywords:
Dental impression materialsSurface compressive strengthElastomeric material evaluationDental impression setting time

Frequently Asked Questions

The main outcome is that silicone (additional type) materials showed stable compressive strength after setting, while others increased significantly.

They used a Fudoh rheometer and a 2.0 mm diameter rod connected to a load cell to press the material and measure deformation.

The researchers wanted to observe how pressing speed affects material deformation after setting.

Temperature influenced compressive strength and deformation, with changes observed at 23 ± 0.5°C and 32 ± 0.5°C.

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Purpose Of The Study:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of seven commercially available elastomeric impression materials after setting. Specifically, the researchers sought to determine how setting time and temperature affect surface compressive strength and deformation. They also aimed to assess the influence of pressing speed on material behavior. The study focused on comparing silicone materials with other types of elastomers. By using standardized measurement tools, the researchers intended to provide a reliable comparison of material performance. The goal was to identify materials that maintain stable properties after setting. This information could help clinicians choose materials that minimize distortion during impression-taking. The study also aimed to test the validity of elastic theory in predicting material behavior.

Main Methods:

The researchers used Wilson's reciprocating rheometer to measure the setting times of seven elastomeric impression materials at two different temperatures: 23 ± 0.5°C and 32 ± 0.5°C. After setting, they assessed surface compressive strength and depression using a Fudoh rheometer. Each material was mixed according to the manufacturer’s recommended base/accelerator or catalyst ratio. A sensitive rod (2.0 mm in diameter) connected to a load cell was used to press the material and measure deformation. The pressing speed was varied to observe its effect on material behavior. At 450 seconds after setting, measurements were taken to evaluate material stability. Theoretical values were derived using the theory of elasticity for comparison. The correlation between measured and theoretical values was calculated to assess material predictability.

Main Results:

At 23 ± 0.5°C, silicone materials (additional type) showed stable surface compressive strength and minimal deformation after setting. In contrast, other material types exhibited increased compressive strength and reduced deformation after the same period. This increase was more pronounced at higher pressing speeds. At 32 ± 0.5°C, similar trends were observed, though the magnitude of changes varied. A strong correlation (r = 0.84) was found between measured and theoretical values at 450 seconds post-setting. This suggests that elastic theory can predict material behavior with reasonable accuracy. The pressing speed had a significant effect on deformation measurements. Materials with higher initial compressive strength showed less deformation after pressing. These findings suggest that material type and temperature play critical roles in impression stability.

Conclusions:

The study found that silicone materials (additional type) maintained stable properties after setting at 23 ± 0.5°C. Other materials showed increased compressive strength and decreased deformation after the same period. Pressing speed influenced deformation measurements, with higher speeds leading to greater changes. At 450 seconds post-setting, a strong correlation (r = 0.84) was observed between measured and theoretical values. This supports the use of elastic theory in predicting material behavior. The findings suggest that material type and temperature are important factors in impression stability. The researchers propose that pressing speed should be controlled during testing to ensure accurate results. These results may inform material selection in clinical settings where dimensional stability is crucial.

There was a strong correlation (r = 0.84) at 450 seconds post-setting, supporting elastic theory predictions.

The findings suggest that material type and temperature are important for impression stability in dental practice.