Balloon angioplasty for arteriovenous graft stenosis

To retrospectively review the long-term outcome as well as the cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy and balloon angioplasty (TBA) versus surgical thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty (SBA) in the treatment of prosthetic dialysis access grafts.

Between February 1996 and February 1999, 63 hemodialysis patients (35 women; mean age 62.2 years) were treated for 105 thromboses in 6-mm polytetrafluoroethylene straight or loop bridge arteriovenous grafts. Choice of treatment was at the discretion of the surgeon or interventional radiologist: either Fogarty balloon thrombectomy followed by balloon dilation of the venous anastomotic stenosis or urokinase thrombolysis followed by angioplasty.

Forty-eight SBAs and 55 TBAs were performed in 63 patients without complications. The primary patency rates in the entire cohort were 34%, 29%, and 17% at 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. Primary patency after TBA was 29%, 18%, and 11%, and that for SBA, 45%, 45%, and 33% over the same time intervals. The mean graft survival was 10 days for TBA versus 31 days for SBA. Repeat angioplasty performed in 23 grafts produced secondary patency rates of 52% at 1 month, 34% at 3 months, and 5% at 5 months. The Medicare reimbursement for both treatments was identical ($1638 for TBA and $1670 for SBA).

The poor patency rate and high cost of TBA and SBA suggests that these procedures should not be routinely used for salvage of thrombosed arteriovenous grafts with outflow stenosis. Patch angioplasty or creation of simultaneous temporary and new permanent accesses may be a more cost-effective approach in these patients.