Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis: etiology, prevention, and treatment

To review the etiology, prevention, and management of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) complications.

Review of literature and the experience of the authors.

Careful preoperative screening is critical to prevention of many potential complications of LASIK. Flap complications that occur during surgery are typically managed by replacement of the flap and repeating the surgery or applying special methods such as transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy weeks to months following the initial procedure. A common source of serious complications is the use of a microkeratome that functions after improper assembly. Timely treatment of postoperative complications such as diffuse lamellar keratitis, flap striae, and infection is critical to an optimal outcome.

Most complications of LASIK can be treated effectively and have minimal effect on the final outcome after surgery, if appropriate methods are used for management.