[Current role of antidopaminergic drugs in pediatrics]

The treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in pediatrics is based on the use of prokinetic agents; amongst these prokinetic compounds, cholinomimetic drugs and dopamine antagonists (metoclopramide, domperidone) are principally available. Metoclopramide is an antidopaminergic benzamide with mainly antiemetic effects, due to the interaction with dopamine receptors in the central trigger zone. Another effect is to enhance the transit of material through the gastrointestinal tract. Disadvantages in the use of metoclopramide are neurological effects (asthenia, sleepiness), extrapyramidal dyskinetic reactions and/or neuroendocrine side effects (galactorrhea). Domperidone is a pure dopaminantagonist that accelerates gastric emptying. It is useful in the treatment of acute nausea and vomiting caused by different agents. There are adverse effects only if it is used in parenteral way.