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Related Concept Videos

G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm
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Techniques for Imaging Ca2+ Signaling in Human Sperm

Published on: June 16, 2010

Progesterone and the progesterone receptor.

P Bouchard1

  • 1Endocrine Services, Hôpital St. Antoine, University Pierre et Marie Curie, 184, Rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.

The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
|June 8, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Progesterone actions are primarily mediated by its receptors, influencing gene transcription. Estrogen regulates progesterone receptor levels, affecting tissue sensitivity to progestins.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Science

Background:

  • Progesterone exerts effects through receptor-mediated and nonreceptor-mediated pathways.
  • Receptor-mediated actions involve progesterone acting as a hormone-dependent transcription factor.
  • Nonreceptor-mediated effects include direct actions, such as on uterine oxytocin receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of progesterone receptor-mediated and nonreceptor-mediated actions.
  • To highlight the role of progesterone receptor isoforms (A and B).
  • To explain the regulatory mechanisms of progesterone receptor expression by estrogen and progesterone.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on progesterone and its receptors.
  • Analysis of progesterone's genomic and non-genomic effects.

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  • Examination of progesterone receptor isoforms and their regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • The majority of progesterone's effects are mediated via its receptors.
    • Progesterone receptors exist in two isoforms: A and B.
    • Estrogen upregulates and progesterone downregulates progesterone receptor expression in target tissues.
    • Estrogen controls progesterone receptor regulation, influencing progestin sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Progesterone receptor-mediated actions are the predominant mechanism for progesterone's effects.
    • The interplay between estrogen and progesterone regulates target tissue sensitivity.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for reproductive health research.