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Published on: January 23, 2017
Availability of child care in the United States: a description and analysis of data sources
R A Gordon1, P L Chase-Lansdale
1Department of Sociology and Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, mc 312, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. ragordon@uic.edu
Insights
Child care availability data from the U.S. Census Bureau is useful for understanding community needs. Findings show center-based care is scarce in poor, rural areas, while family child care is more common in mixed-income rural communities.
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomics
- Demographics
- Public Policy
Background:
- Child care accessibility is crucial for work-life balance but data is limited.
- Researchers face challenges due to a scarcity of comprehensive child care availability data across U.S. communities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate U.S. Census Bureau data indicators for assessing child care availability.
- To determine the utility of existing data for community- and individual-level analyses of child care access.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data collected over the past 15 years.
- Community- and individual-level statistical analyses to assess data validity and utility.
- Examination of data validity across different urbanicity and income levels.
Main Results:
- Census Bureau data sources effectively indicate child care availability despite their original purpose.
- Data validity is consistent across communities with varying urbanicity and income levels.
- Larger geographic areas better represent center-based child care markets than family child care.
Conclusions:
- Center-based child care is least available in nonmetropolitan, low-income communities.
- Family child care is most accessible in nonmetropolitan, mixed-income communities.
- Existing Census Bureau data offers valuable insights into child care availability, with potential for future data development.
Abstract:
Lack of high-quality, affordable, and accessible child care is an often-cited impediment to a manageable balance between work and family. Researchers, however, have been restricted by a scarcity of data on the availability of child care across all U.S. communities. In this paper we describe and evaluate several indicators of child care availability that have been released by the U.S. Census Bureau over the last 15 years. Using community- and individual-level analyses, we find that these data sources are useful for indicating child care availability within communities, even though they were collected for other purposes. Furthermore, our results generally suggest that the data on child care availability are equally valid across communities of different urbanicity and average income levels, although it appears that larger geographic areas more accurately capture the child care market of centers than that of family day care providers. Our analyses indicate that center child care is least available in nonmetropolitan, poor communities, and that family day care is most available in nonmetropolitan, mixed-income communities. We discuss the benefits and limitations of the data sources, and point to directions for future data developments and research.
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