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Human natural killer cell activating receptors.

R Biassoni1, C Cantoni, M Falco

  • 1Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Laboratorio di Immunologia, IST/CBA, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy. biassoni@cba.unige.it

Molecular Immunology
|June 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells possess inhibitory receptors that protect normal cells and activating receptors that trigger cytotoxicity against abnormal cells. This study reviews NK cell activating receptors and their ligands.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells were poorly understood a decade ago, with limited knowledge of their surface molecules.
  • Significant advancements have since identified numerous receptors with opposing functions on NK cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of the activating receptors and coreceptors found on human NK cells.
  • To describe the ligands that bind to these activating receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of functional and molecular characterization of NK cell receptors.
  • Analysis of receptor-ligand interactions involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • NK cells express inhibitory receptors specific for HLA class I alleles, preventing lysis of healthy cells.

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  • Activating receptors trigger NK cell-mediated natural cytotoxicity against HLA class I-deficient target cells.

    • Conclusions:

    • The understanding of NK cell receptor function has dramatically evolved.
    • Activating receptors and their ligands are crucial for NK cell-mediated killing of aberrant cells.