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Personality disorder in university students: a multitrait-multimethod matrix study.

B K Sinha1, D C Watson

  • 1Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9. biren.sinha@ualberta.ca

Journal of Personality Disorders
|June 16, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated personality disorder (PD) prevalence in university students using three self-report measures. Findings confirmed existing prevalence ranges and showed significant overlap between various PDs, particularly passive-aggressive and schizotypal types.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Personality disorders (PDs) represent enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that deviate markedly from the expectations of an individual's culture.
  • Assessing PD prevalence in student populations is crucial for understanding mental health needs in young adults.
  • Previous research indicates a general prevalence range of 5% to 15% in non-clinical samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence of personality disorders in a sample of first-year university students.
  • To compare the prevalence estimates derived from three distinct self-report measures.
  • To investigate the interrelationships and construct overlap among various personality disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three self-report instruments: Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Personality Disorder Scale (MMPI-PD).

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  • Prevalence was determined by the number of participants exceeding established cut-off scores for each PD instrument.
  • A multitrait-multimethod matrix was employed to assess correlations between disorders across the different measures.

    • Main Results:

    • Estimated PD prevalence ranged from 0% to 16% for males and 1% to 26% for females, aligning with established ranges for non-patient samples.
    • The three assessment tools demonstrated general consistency in estimating the prevalence of the 11 personality disorders.
    • Significant positive correlations were observed between most PDs across all measures, indicating substantial construct overlap.
    • Passive-aggressive and schizotypal disorders showed the most convergent correlations, while schizoid disorder was more discriminant on the MMPI-PD.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms the prevalence rates of personality disorders in a university student population.
    • Findings highlight considerable overlap among personality disorders, suggesting shared underlying etiological factors or diagnostic ambiguity.
    • The consistency across different measures supports their utility in assessing PDs, while also pointing to the need for careful interpretation due to construct overlap.