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Related Experiment Videos

Intravenous itraconazole.

D Slain1, P D Rogers, J D Cleary

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|June 21, 2001
PubMed
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Intravenous itraconazole provides a less toxic treatment option for serious fungal infections like blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. This formulation achieves faster therapeutic concentrations than oral itraconazole.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal agent.
  • An intravenous (IV) formulation of itraconazole utilizes a cyclodextrin base.
  • Published data on IV itraconazole's pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety were limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the pharmacology, mycology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, tolerability, dosage, administration, and economic aspects of IV itraconazole.
  • To assess the clinical utility of IV itraconazole as an alternative treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A MEDLINE search (1978-2000) and review of meeting abstracts were conducted.
  • Data from in vitro, preclinical, Phase II, and Phase III studies were included.

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  • Manufacturer-provided data were used to supplement published information.

    • Main Results:

    • IV itraconazole is indicated for blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis in patients intolerant or refractory to amphotericin B.
    • The IV formulation achieves more rapid and consistent therapeutic concentrations compared to oral itraconazole.
    • Direct comparative efficacy data against amphotericin B are currently lacking.

    Conclusions:

    • IV itraconazole presents a less toxic therapeutic alternative for specific invasive fungal infections.
    • It is suitable for patients unable to take oral medications or who have failed/intolerated amphotericin B therapy.