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Mouse sperm basic nuclear protein. Electrophoretic characterization and fate after fertilization.

P S Ecklund, L Levine

    The Journal of Cell Biology
    |August 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers identified a novel sperm protein, musculine, in mice using [3H]arginine labeling. This protein is lost after fertilization, suggesting its role in controlling chromatin during male genome rearrangement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Sperm development involves significant changes in nuclear proteins, including histone transitions.
    • Understanding these transitions is crucial for comprehending male fertility and early embryonic development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize a specific sperm basic protein in mice labeled with [3H]arginine.
    • To investigate the fate of this labeled protein during and after fertilization.
    • To elucidate the potential role of this protein in chromatin remodeling.

    Main Methods:

    • In vivo labeling of mouse sperm with [3H]arginine.
    • Autoradiographic tracking of labeled sperm post-fertilization.
    • Acid extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sperm proteins.

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  • Electrophoretic comparison with known histone and protamine markers.

    • Main Results:

    • A novel sperm-specific basic protein, named musculine, was identified and found to be the sole labeled fraction in ejaculated sperm.
    • Musculine migrated faster than histone F2al and slower than salmon protamine.
    • The [3H]arginine label was completely lost from the sperm head after fertilization, coinciding with the oocyte's second meiotic division.
    • Musculine represents a histone transition product, distinct from fish protamines but similar to bovine sperm nuclear protein.

    Conclusions:

    • Musculine is a mouse sperm-specific protein, likely representing the final stage of a histone transition.
    • The loss of musculine from the sperm head correlates with male genome rearrangement and precedes transcriptional resumption.
    • Musculine is proposed to play a role in chromatin control during spermiogenesis and fertilization.