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The supportive role of complement in HIV pathogenesis.

H Stoiber1, L Kacani, C Speth

  • 1Institute of Hygiene and Social Medicine, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of AIDS Research, University Innsbruck, Austria. heribert.stoiber@uibk.ac.at

Immunological Reviews
|June 21, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evades the immune system's complement cascade, using complement fragments for efficient cell entry and transmission. Understanding these interactions offers new therapeutic avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The complement system is a crucial part of innate immunity, acting as a first line of defense against pathogens.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently encounters the complement system in various body compartments.
  • Unlike many pathogens, HIV exhibits resistance to complement-mediated lysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between HIV and the complement system.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which HIV survives and utilizes complement.
  • To explore how these interactions impact HIV infection and transmission.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on HIV-complement interactions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating complement activation on HIV particles.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of research on complement receptor-mediated HIV uptake and transmission.

    • Main Results:

    • Complement activation leads to C3 fragment deposition on HIV, but limited lysis.
    • HIV employs resistance mechanisms against complement-mediated attack.
    • Opsonization by complement fragments facilitates HIV interaction with complement receptor-expressing cells, enhancing infection and transmission.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV has evolved sophisticated strategies to counteract and exploit the complement system.
    • These interactions are critical for HIV pathogenesis, cell entry, and spread.
    • A comprehensive understanding of HIV-complement interplay is vital for developing novel therapeutic interventions.