Coronary heart disease risk reduction in a predominantly beer-drinking population

Moderate alcohol consumption protects against coronary heart disease, but there is ongoing debate about whether the effects and the underlying mechanisms differ by type of alcoholic beverage. In our case-control study from Germany, we assessed and compared the effect of alcohol consumption from various sources on risk of coronary heart disease and its underlying mechanisms. The sample included 312 patients with clinically stable, angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease and 479 healthy controls. After control for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 0.55 (95% confidence interval = 0.37--0.83) for drinkers compared with nondrinkers. Risk reduction was particularly strong among the majority of study participants who reported drinking predominantly or exclusively beer. Alcohol consumption from various sources was consistently associated with a more favorable profile of lipids and hemostatic factors. Nevertheless, a strong inverse association persisted between beer drinking and coronary heart disease even after control for these "intermediate variables." Our results support suggestions that the protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption against coronary heart disease is mediated in part by beneficial effects of ethanol on lipids and hemostatic factors. Additional mechanisms may account for the strong protective effect of moderate beer consumption.