Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
12:21
Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Published on: September 12, 2011
Brain volume in autism
A Y Hardan1, N J Minshew, M Mallikarjuhn
1Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. hardanay@msx.upmc.edu
Journal of Child Neurology
|June 22, 2001
Summary
Individuals with autism often show increased brain size. This study found significantly larger cerebral and third ventricle volumes in non-mentally retarded autistic individuals compared to controls, supporting existing research on brain volume differences in autism.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Autism is associated with varied cognitive abilities and observed brain size differences.
- Previous research indicates larger brain volumes in some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure brain volumes in a specific group of autistic individuals without intellectual disability.
- To investigate differences in specific brain structures between autistic and neurotypical subjects.
Main Methods:
- Utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for 16 non-mentally retarded autistic individuals and 19 male controls.
- Measured volumes of the third, fourth, and lateral ventricles, as well as intracranial and cerebral volumes.
Main Results:
- Autistic subjects exhibited significantly greater mean cerebral and third ventricle volumes compared to controls, after adjusting for intracranial volume.
- No other significant volumetric differences were detected between the groups.
Conclusions:
- The findings align with prior studies reporting increased brain volume in autism.
- Further longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropathologic studies are recommended to understand the causes of enlarged brain size in autism.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles
There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen. The...
01:26Modeling in Therapy
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.