Tissue specificity of lymphocyte migration into sheep gingival tissue

T cells show a bias in their migration pathways: some migrate preferentially to peripheral lymph nodes, some to mucosal tissues and some to peripheral tissues such as skin. The aim here was to determine the types of T cells that migrate preferentially into inflamed gingival tissue and compare this migration to that found in inflamed subcutaneous and mucosal tissues. The experiments were designed so that the simultaneous 3 h localization of two, differentially radiolabelled, lymphocyte populations (subcutaneously and mucosally derived) into sites of purified protein derivative/bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced, delayed-type hypersensitivity, inflammatory lesions in skin, bowel and gingiva in the sheep model could be compared. The relative migration of two populations in each of the tissues was expressed as a ratio of the radioactivity of intestinal/subcutaneous lymphocytes recovered from that tissue. From nine experiments, the ratios [mean+/-S.E.M. (n)] for skin, bowel and gingiva were 0.53+/-0.02 (84), 1.98+/-0.11 (85), and 0.73+/-0.05 (29), respectively. These findings suggest that inflammation in skin and gingiva favoured the localization of subcutaneously derived lymphocytes (ratio significantly <1, P<0.025), while in bowel, the localization of intestinally derived lymphocytes was favoured (ratio significantly >1, P<0.025). Statistical analysis demonstrated that the relative localization of the two lymphocyte populations to the gingival lesions differed significantly from that for inflamed skin and bowel lesions (P<0.05). When tumour necrosis factor-alpha was used as a non-antigenic inflammatory agent to induce lymphocyte migration into skin and gingiva, a similarly greater increase in the localization of subcutaneously derived lymphocytes was detected, but the relative localization of lymphocytes was not significantly different between the two tissues. Therefore, it appears that there is tissue specificity in the migration of lymphocytes into the inflamed gingival tissues and that antigen is required for distinct tissue-specific lymphocyte traffic to occur.