Acute pulmonary embolism due to multiple hydatid cysts

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Parasitology

Background:

• Hydatid cysts, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, can lead to rare but life-threatening complications.
• Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a critical condition often associated with venous thromboembolism.
• Echinococcosis of the lung can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including vascular obstruction.

Observation:

• A patient presented with acute pulmonary embolism attributed to multiple hydatid cysts within the pulmonary arteries.
• Diagnostic imaging included chest X-ray, echocardiography, spiral CT scan, and MR-angiography to delineate the extent of the condition.
• The cysts were surgically removed via left anterior thoracotomy and left pulmonary arteriotomy.

Findings:

• Successful surgical excision of multiple pulmonary hydatid cysts was achieved.
• The procedure was performed without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass (extracorporeal circulation).
• The patient experienced an uncomplicated post-operative recovery.

Implications:

• This case highlights the possibility of pulmonary embolism as a presentation of pulmonary hydatidosis.
• Surgical intervention without extracorporeal circulation is a viable treatment option for pulmonary hydatid cysts causing embolism.
• Complete cyst removal ensures favorable long-term outcomes and a normal quality of life for affected individuals.