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Updated: Oct 5, 2026

Building Up Skin Models for Numerous Applications - from Two-Dimensional (2D) Monoculture to Three-Dimensional (3D) Multiculture
Published on: October 20, 2023
[Human experimentation in dermatology 100 years ago and today]
Abstract:
The problem of ethics in dermatology is explored using selected examples from the literature. The classic case of Neisser as well as Eduard Arning's experiments on a Hawaiian with leprosy convicted to death are discussed. In addition, inoculation studies with syphilis 100 years ago and the author's own experiences are cited. The differences in the approaches to medical ethics 100 years ago and today lead to the conclusion that ethics change to fit the needs of the society and do not have a permanent fixed status.
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