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Esophageal disorders in the elderly.

R Shaker¹, D Staff

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. rshaker@mcw.edu

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

|July 4, 2001

Summary

Aging significantly impacts swallowing and airway protection, increasing healthcare challenges. This review details age-related changes in swallowing, esophageal, and aerodigestive reflexes, and discusses common elderly disorders.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Gastroenterology
Otolaryngology

Background:

The global population is aging, leading to a rise in age-related health issues.
Swallowing and airway protection are critical physiological functions that can decline with age.
These declines contribute to increased healthcare utilization and burden.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physiological effects of aging on deglutitive function.
To examine age-related changes in esophageal and aerodigestive reflexes.
To discuss specific swallowing and airway protection disorders prevalent in the elderly population.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on aging and deglutition.
Analysis of physiological changes in swallowing mechanisms.
Discussion of clinical manifestations and management of age-related aerodigestive disorders.

Main Results:

Aging alters the coordination and efficiency of the swallowing process.
Esophageal motility and protective reflexes, such as the cough reflex, are diminished in older adults.
Increased risk of aspiration, dysphagia, and related complications in the elderly.

Conclusions:

Age-related changes in deglutitive and airway protective functions necessitate targeted medical attention.
Understanding these physiological shifts is crucial for managing health risks in the aging population.
Early identification and intervention for swallowing disorders can mitigate healthcare burdens.

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