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Two cheers for P-values?
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
|July 4, 2001
Summary
P-values are widely used in science but heavily criticized. This essay explores potential justifications for their continued use despite significant statistical drawbacks.
Area of Science:
- Statistics
- Scientific Methodology
- Data Analysis
Background:
- P-values are a ubiquitous tool in scientific research.
- Despite widespread adoption, p-values face substantial criticism from statisticians and researchers.
- Bayesian and modern frequentist approaches often highlight the limitations of p-values.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically examine the role and perceived utility of p-values in scientific practice.
- To explore arguments that might support the continued use of p-values.
- To address the dichotomy between the practical application and theoretical shortcomings of p-values.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of statistical practices.
- Review of common interpretations and criticisms of p-values.
- Philosophical consideration of statistical inference.
Main Results:
- P-values represent a practical success in terms of widespread adoption and use.
- Significant theoretical and interpretive failures are associated with p-values.
- The essay aims to identify potential, albeit limited, defenses for their use.
Conclusions:
- P-values, despite their flaws, have achieved practical success in scientific communication.
- A critical re-evaluation is needed to understand their enduring presence.
- Further discussion is warranted on the justification for their continued application in research.