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Related Experiment Videos

DDT environmental persistence from its use in a vector control program: a case study.

E D Vieira1, J P Torres, O Malm

  • 1Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil.

Environmental Research
|July 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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DDT contamination persists in Brazilian leishmaniasis areas, with chicken eggs exceeding safe limits. This highlights bioaccumulation risks and potential human exposure through local food sources.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was used for sand-fly control in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, until 1990.
  • Leishmaniasis is endemic to the study area, raising concerns about environmental contamination.
  • Investigating persistent organic pollutants is crucial for public health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess DDT contamination levels in soil, sediment, and chicken eggs.
  • To evaluate potential human exposure to DDT through diet.
  • To understand DDT bioaccumulation in the local ecosystem.

Main Methods:

  • Soil, sediment, and chicken egg samples were collected in 1997 and 1999.
  • DDT was extracted using a modified Soxhlet apparatus.

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  • Analysis was performed using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector.

    • Main Results:

    • Soil DDT concentrations decreased from 351 µg kg⁻¹ in 1997 to 112 µg kg⁻¹ in 1999 near treated sites.
    • Sediment samples showed low DDT concentrations (up to 32.9 µg kg⁻¹).
    • Chicken eggs contained an average of 1.98 mg kg⁻¹ DDT, twice the FAO limit, with p,p'-DDE as the main metabolite.

    Conclusions:

    • DDT bioaccumulation in chicken eggs is a significant concern in the study area.
    • Estimated daily DDT intake from egg consumption is below the US EPA reference dose but warrants monitoring.
    • The methodology can inform DDT exposure assessments in other contaminated regions, particularly where local food is a dietary staple.