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CXCR3 expression in human central nervous system diseases.

S H Goldberg¹, P van der Meer, J Hesselgesser

¹Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology

|July 5, 2001

Summary

The CXCR3 receptor is found in astrocytes and Purkinje cells within the central nervous system (CNS). This discovery may link CXCR3 to reactive gliosis in various CNS diseases.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

The CXCR3 chemokine receptor is present on T lymphocytes and in the CNS during inflammation.
The distribution of CXCR3 within parenchymal CNS cells was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the expression pattern of CXCR3 in parenchymal cells of the central nervous system (CNS).

Main Methods:

Utilized a monoclonal antibody against CXCR3.
Examined post-mortem CNS tissue from patients with and without CNS pathology.
Conducted immunofluorescence studies on glial cultures.
Performed in situ hybridization for CXCR3 mRNA in Purkinje cells.

Main Results:

CXCR3 was detected in astrocytes (especially reactive astrocytes) and cerebellar Purkinje cells.

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Expression was also found in arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells, particularly near atherosclerotic plaques.

CXCR3-positive astrocytes were prominent in CNS conditions like HIV, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), ischemic infarcts, and astrocytic neoplasms.

CXCR3 mRNA was confirmed in Purkinje cells.

Conclusions:

Predominant CXCR3 expression in reactive astrocytes suggests a role in reactive gliosis across diverse CNS conditions (infectious, inflammatory, vascular, neoplastic).
Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between CXCR3 expression in astrocytes and its presence in Purkinje, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells.