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Sexually transmitted Q fever.

A Milazzo1, R Hall, P A Storm

  • 1Communicable Disease Control Branch, Department of Human Services, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Sexual transmission of Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever, was documented from an infected man to his wife. This case highlights potential sexual transmission routes for this zoonotic bacterium.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, typically associated with exposure to infected animals or contaminated environments.
  • While respiratory and direct contact routes are well-established, sexual transmission of Coxiella burnetii has been rarely reported.

Observation:

  • A man with occupationally acquired acute Q fever transmitted the infection to his wife through sexual contact.
  • The wife developed serologically confirmed acute Q fever 15 days after coitus with the infected husband.

Findings:

  • Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in semen samples from the husband at 4 and 15 months post-infection.
  • Variable PCR results at 23 months suggested a low-level, persistent presence of the organism in semen.

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Implications:

  • This case provides evidence for sexual transmission of Coxiella burnetii, suggesting it as a potential, albeit uncommon, route of human-to-human spread.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics is crucial for implementing effective public health strategies and preventing further Q fever outbreaks.
  • Further research is warranted to determine the prevalence and significance of sexual transmission in the epidemiology of Q fever.