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Related Experiment Videos

Holins kill without warning.

A Gründling1, M D Manson, R Young

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 19, 2001
PubMed
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Bacteriophage holins, proteins causing host cell lysis, do not rely on membrane energy levels for timing. Instead, holin concentration reaching a critical point triggers lysis by forming disruptive oligomeric complexes.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Holins are bacteriophage-encoded proteins crucial for host cell lysis.
  • Their precise temporal control over lysis is poorly understood.
  • Existing theories proposed a link between membrane energy levels and lysis timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism controlling the precise timing of bacteriophage-mediated host cell lysis.
  • To determine the role of membrane energy in holin-induced lysis.
  • To elucidate the molecular events leading to membrane disruption by holins.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring proton motive force using individual, tethered bacterial cells.
  • Assessing membrane integrity at various stages post-holin induction.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing holin accumulation and oligomerization.

    • Main Results:

    • Membrane integrity remained intact until seconds before lysis.
    • Proton motive force did not progressively decrease prior to lysis.
    • Holin concentration, not membrane energy, correlated with lysis onset.

    Conclusions:

    • Lysis timing is regulated by holin concentration reaching a threshold.
    • This threshold triggers the formation of holin oligomeric complexes.
    • The formation of these complexes, rather than membrane energy depletion, directly causes membrane disruption.