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Updated: Aug 25, 2026

In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography
Published on: November 22, 2013
Diagnosis, natural history, and outcome of fetal heart disease
1Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Advances in the prenatal diagnosis of heart disease have improved accuracy in the evaluation of structural heart lesions, dysrhythmia mechanisms, and functional pathology and will lead to better perinatal management and counseling. Additional technical advances will lead to earlier diagnosis, perhaps even during embryonic development. Newer developments, including the transumbilical and transuterine approaches, may make antenatal intervention possible and safer for a larger number of affected pregnancies.
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