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Viral Recombination00:57

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Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

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Published on: June 16, 2011

Contingent neutrality in competing viral populations.

J Quer1, C L Hershey, E Domingo

  • 1Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA.

Journal of Virology
|July 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Environmental stress accelerates wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus dominance over a genetically marked (MARM-C) population. This suggests MARM-C

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) populations exhibit complex fitness dynamics.
  • A genetically marked VSV (MARM-C) population initially competes equally with wild-type (wt) virus.
  • Prolonged competition typically results in wt virus dominance over MARM-C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contingent nature of MARM-C's neutral fitness.
  • To determine how environmental perturbations affect MARM-C vs. wt virus competition.
  • To elucidate the genomic basis for MARM-C's fitness characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Competition assays between MARM-C and wt VSV in BHK-21 cells.
  • Introduction of environmental perturbations: defective interfering particles, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and elevated temperature (40.5°C).
  • Genomic consensus sequencing of the MARM-C population.

Main Results:

  • Environmental perturbations significantly accelerated wt VSV dominance over MARM-C.
  • MARM-C possesses six identified mutations in its consensus genome.
  • Independent passage in 5-FU did not alter MARM-C or wt fitness or subsequent competition ability.

Conclusions:

  • MARM-C's neutral fitness is contingent on environmental conditions.
  • Environmental stress hinders MARM-C's ability to generate compensatory mutations compared to wt VSV.
  • A model of contingent neutrality is proposed, where MARM-C occupies a neutral fitness landscape vulnerable to stress.