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Sleep problems and substance use in adolescence.

E O Johnson1, N Breslau

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. ejohnso3@hfhs.org

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|July 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Adolescents with frequent sleep problems show higher rates of substance use, including cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs. Psychiatric issues partially explain this link, with remaining associations seen primarily with illicit drug use.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Adolescent Health
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Longitudinal studies indicate insomnia predicts substance abuse in adults.
  • The relationship between adolescent sleep problems and substance use requires further investigation, particularly considering co-occurring psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the association between sleep problems and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, illicit drugs) among adolescents.
  • To examine the role of psychiatric problems (internalizing and externalizing) in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the US National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (1994-1996).
  • Included 13,831 adolescents in the analysis.
  • Employed logistic regression to assess associations, adjusting for demographic and psychiatric variables.

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Main Results:

  • Frequent sleep problems were significantly associated with increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs (ORs 1.5–3.8).
  • Adjusting for psychiatric problems reduced these associations, indicating a partial mediating role.
  • A residual association between sleep problems and illicit drug use remained after accounting for psychiatric factors.

Conclusions:

  • The link between adolescent sleep problems and substance use is intertwined with psychiatric issues.
  • Interventions addressing both sleep and mental health may be crucial for preventing adolescent substance abuse.
  • Further longitudinal research with specific sleep measures is needed to clarify these relationships.