[The debut of neonatal medicine in the XIX century]

This article presents the birth of neonatal medicine during the XIXth century. A first generation of physicians, marked by clinic, observes the newborns and proposes some neonatal cares which innovate. But it is for essential from the 1880's, around the generation of Pastorians formed in the "Ecole de la Maternité" of Paris (Tarnier) that a coherent procedure of neonatal cares is developed, with fight against infections, watching of feeding methods and warming up with incubators. The technical improvements allowed to solve some problems but the question of infection obstructed to go farer.