Multiple ipsilateral congenital diaphragmatic pathologies: rarities to consider

Area of Science:

• Congenital Diaphragmatic Pathologies
• Embryology of Diaphragmatic Development

Background:

• Congenital diaphragmatic pathologies are well-documented, but ipsilateral simultaneous occurrences are rare.
• Understanding the embryology of these rare conditions is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

• A literature review identified six cases of multiple ipsilateral congenital diaphragmatic pathologies.
• Cases included adult females with multiple right-sided defects and pediatric cases with double defects or eventration.
• A novel case presented with diaphragmatic eventration and a posterolateral defect, complicated by rectal bleeding.

Findings:

• Multiple ipsilateral congenital diaphragmatic pathologies present with diverse defects, including hernias and eventrations.
• Presentation varies, with one case demonstrating acute rectal bleeding, complicating diagnosis.
• Surgical management is recommended for symptomatic cases.

Implications:

• The pathogenesis of ipsilateral diaphragmatic pathologies may involve specific embryologic developmental pathways.
• Prompt surgical intervention via thoracotomy or laparotomy is advised for symptomatic ipsilateral defects.
• Further research into the embryology and management of these rare conditions is warranted.