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Intergroup differentiation: stereotyping as a function of status hierarchy.

N Hopkins1, C Rae

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Dundee, Scotland. n.p.hopkins@dundee.ac.uk

The Journal of Social Psychology
|August 2, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Negative intergroup comparisons increase in-group differentiation. When comparing with a high-status group, the in-group more negatively stereotyped a lower-status out-group, enhancing perceived differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Intergroup Relations

Background:

  • Intergroup differentiation is a key aspect of social categorization.
  • Negative intergroup comparisons can influence perceptions of one's own group and others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how negative intergroup comparisons impact intergroup differentiation.
  • To test if comparing an in-group to a high-status group leads to increased negative stereotyping of a lower-status out-group.

Main Methods:

  • Participants' stereotypes of a lower-status university were elicited under two conditions.
  • Condition 1: Direct comparison between the in-group and the lower-status out-group.
  • Condition 2: Comparison with a higher-status university preceded judgments of the in-group and lower-status out-group.

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Main Results:

  • Increased intergroup differentiation was observed in the second condition.
  • This differentiation was driven by more negative stereotyping of the lower-status out-group after comparison with a high-status group.
  • The effect was specific to the most important dimension and the one used for negative comparison with the high-status group.

Conclusions:

  • Negative intergroup comparisons, particularly with high-status groups, can intensify intergroup differentiation.
  • The findings highlight the role of social comparison in shaping intergroup perceptions and stereotyping.