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Complex vertebral malformation in holstein calves.

J S Agerholm1, C Bendixen, O Andersen

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Pathobiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|August 2, 2001
PubMed
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A new lethal congenital defect, Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM), affects Holstein calves. This genetic defect causes severe skeletal abnormalities and is linked to common elite sire ancestors, posing an international risk.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Animal Genetics
  • Congenital Defects

Background:

  • A novel lethal congenital defect has been identified in purebred Holstein calves.
  • Affected calves exhibit significant skeletal and joint malformations, impacting viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a newly observed lethal congenital defect in Holstein calves.
  • To propose a designation and investigate the etiology of this defect.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy of 18 genetically related Holstein calves with congenital defects.
  • Detailed examination of skeletal, vertebral, and joint abnormalities.
  • Pedigree analysis to identify potential genetic links.

Main Results:

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  • The defect, designated Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM), involves vertebral shortening, hemivertebrae, scoliosis, and limb arthrogryposis.
  • Fifty percent of affected calves presented with cardiac malformations.
  • Genetic etiology is strongly suggested, with two common elite US Holstein sire ancestors identified.

    • Conclusions:

    • Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) is a severe, genetically inherited defect in Holstein cattle.
    • The widespread international use of semen from implicated sires indicates a high risk of CVM spread globally.
    • Further genetic investigation and breeding management are crucial to control CVM.