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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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Published on: July 30, 2016

Adult stem cell plasticity and methods of detection.

G Almeida-Porada1, C Porada, E D Zanjani

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA. almei_g@med.unr.edu

Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Hematology
|August 7, 2001
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Summary

Recent studies reveal adult stem cells can change cell types, challenging old beliefs about development. This stem cell plasticity offers new hope for regenerative medicine and treating diseases.

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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
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Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method
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Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells were previously thought to be the only pluripotent cells capable of differentiating into multiple cell types.
  • The dogma of irreversible embryologic development stages has been challenged by recent discoveries.
  • Adult stem cells from various tissues exhibit remarkable plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant findings in stem cell plasticity.
  • To emphasize studies involving the hematopoietic system.
  • To discuss models of stem cell trans-differentiation and present findings in a fetal sheep model.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of stem cell plasticity studies.
  • Focus on research involving the hematopoietic system.
  • Utilizing a fetal sheep model to investigate human stem cell plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Adult stem cells from bone marrow, brain, and skeletal muscle can trans-differentiate.
  • Evidence suggests that developmental stages may not be irreversible.
  • Findings from the fetal sheep model contribute to understanding human stem cell plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell plasticity in adult tissues has profound clinical implications for regenerative medicine.
  • The concept of irreversible developmental stages is being redefined.
  • Further research, including studies in models like the fetal sheep, is crucial for harnessing stem cell potential.