Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Published on: July 2, 2012
TeV neutrinos and GeV photons from shock breakout in supernovae
1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel. waxman@wicc.weizmann.ac.il
Abstract:
We show that as a Type II supernova shock breaks out of its progenitor star, it becomes collisionless and may accelerate protons to energies >10 TeV. Inelastic nuclear collisions of these protons produce an approximately 1 h long flash of TeV neutrinos and 10 GeV photons, about 10 h after the thermal (10 MeV) neutrino burst from the cooling neutron star. A Galactic supernova in a red supergiant star would produce a photon and neutrino flux of approximately 10(-4) erg cm(-2) s(-1). A km(2) neutrino detector will detect approximately 100 muons, thus allowing to constrain both supernova models and neutrino properties.
Related Concept Videos
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Shock Waves
When the source's speed approaches the speed of sound, constructive interference between successive wavefronts emitted by the source occurs immediately behind it. Initially, scientists believed that this constructive interference would result in such high pressures...
Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy
Thomson's e/m Experiment
A particle with charge q, speed v, and mass m enters an area from the top, where the magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular both to the particle's motion and to one another. The magnetic...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

