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A multi media load model for the Baltic Sea.
1C.A.U. GmbH, D-63303 Dreieich, Germany. w.kloepffer@cau-online.de
Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|August 17, 2001
Summary
This study analyzed chemical mass flows into the Baltic Sea, focusing on the precautionary principle. It reveals that even water-soluble substances can accumulate in marine environments, highlighting the need for comprehensive risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Marine Pollution
- Risk Assessment
Background:
- International chemical assessment prioritizes concentrations, excluding marine impacts.
- The precautionary principle necessitates analysis of mass flows over concentrations.
- Marine-relevant chemicals like lindane, HCB, and TBT were selected for study.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze chemical mass flows into the Baltic Sea using a precautionary approach.
- To model the terrestrial-limnic to marine transfer of selected chemicals.
- To assess the potential accumulation of water-soluble substances in the marine environment.
Main Methods:
- Development and application of the 'Input/Output-load model'.
- Analysis of mass flows rather than concentrations for selected chemicals.
- Modeling of a hypothetical water-soluble, low-vapor-pressure substance.
Main Results:
- The model quantifies the yearly load shift and distribution into the Baltic Sea.
- Water-soluble substances, often overlooked, can enter marine ecosystems in significant quantities.
- Remobilization, unintended formation, and various source types are critical factors.
Conclusions:
- Mass flow analysis is crucial for understanding chemical impacts on marine environments.
- The precautionary principle should guide chemical risk assessment, especially for marine areas.
- Further research is needed to address the accumulation of persistent, water-soluble pollutants.