Contribution of cyclooxygenase 2 to liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

Partial hepatectomy (PH) triggers a rapid regenerative response in the remaining tissue to reinstate the organ function and the cell numbers. Among the molecules that change in the course of regeneration is an accumulation of prostaglandin E2 in the sera of rats with PH. Analysis of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes in the remnant liver showed the preferential expression of COX-2 in hepatocytes. Cultured regenerating hepatocytes expressed significant levels of COX-2, a process that was not observed in the sham counterparts. Maximal expression of COX-2 was detected 16 h after PH with increased levels present even at 96 h. Pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 activity with NS398 shunted the up-regulation of cell proliferation after PH, which suggests a positive interaction of prostaglandins with the progression of the cell cycle. Similar results were obtained after PH of mice lacking the COX-2 gene. The expression of COX-2 in regenerating liver was concomitant with a decrease in CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-a) level and an increase in the expression of C/EBP-b and C/EBP-d. These results suggest a contribution of the enhanced synthesis of prostaglandins to liver regeneration observed after PH.