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Related Experiment Videos

Methods for developmental studies of fear conditioning circuitry.

D S Pine1, A Fyer, J Grun

  • 1National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0135, USA.

Biological Psychiatry
|August 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that the amygdala responds to air-puff conditioning in adults. This research may help understand the neurobiology of fear conditioning and anxiety disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Air puff stimuli are used to study fear conditioning in children with anxiety disorder risk.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the examination of brain activity during such conditioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate amygdala activity changes during air-puff conditioning in adults using fMRI.
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of fear conditioning relevant to anxiety disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Seven adult participants underwent fMRI scanning.
  • Participants viewed alternating colored lights (CS+ and CS-), with one light consistently paired with an air puff.
  • Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the amygdala were monitored.

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Main Results:

  • A region-of-interest analysis revealed differential BOLD signal changes in the right amygdala between the air-puff paired stimulus (CS+) and the unpaired stimulus (CS-).
  • No significant differential change was observed in the left amygdala.

Conclusions:

  • The amygdala is activated by the learned association of a visual stimulus with an aversive air puff.
  • This fMRI-based conditioning paradigm may offer a method to study the developmental neurobiology of fear conditioning and its relation to anxiety risk.