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The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a review
1Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases and Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Abstract:
Histoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis in the United States and has recently emerged as an important opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons living in areas where it is endemic. In this article, we describe the epidemiologic and ecologic features of histoplasmosis, highlighting the implications for prevention. Surveillance and education of the public and health care providers are needed to determine the disease burden of histoplasmosis. Development of better diagnostic tests for detection of disease in humans and of the organism in the environment will help in designing better prevention strategies.
Insights
Histoplasmosis, a common fungal infection in the US, is increasingly affecting people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Understanding its spread and ecology is key to developing effective prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Histoplasmosis is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in the United States.
- It has emerged as a significant opportunistic infection in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the epidemiologic and ecologic features of histoplasmosis.
- To highlight implications for prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiologic data.
- Analysis of ecologic factors contributing to disease transmission.
Main Results:
- Detailed characterization of histoplasmosis occurrence and distribution.
- Identification of environmental and host factors influencing infection.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced surveillance and public education are crucial for understanding histoplasmosis burden.
- Development of improved diagnostic tools for human and environmental detection is needed for better prevention.