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Quorum-sensing in Gram-negative bacteria.

N A Whitehead1, A M Barnard, H Slater

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Building O, Downing Site, CB2 1QW, Cambridge, UK.

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
|August 29, 2001
PubMed
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Bacteria communicate using chemical signals for adaptation. This review focuses on N-acyl homoserine lactone (acyl HSL) quorum-sensing systems in Gram-negative bacteria and related non-acyl HSL systems.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Communication
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacteria are colonial organisms that use intercellular communication for adaptation.
  • Chemical signals mediate physiological changes and regulate diverse phenotypes.
  • N-acyl homoserine lactones (acyl HSLs) are common signaling molecules in Gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on acyl HSL-mediated quorum-sensing.
  • To describe non-acyl HSL-based quorum-sensing systems.
  • To highlight bacterial cell density-dependent signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of quorum-sensing mechanisms.
  • Analysis of acyl HSL and non-acyl HSL signaling pathways.
  • Focus on phytopathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris.

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Main Results:

  • Acyl HSLs regulate bacterial phenotypes in a cell density-dependent manner.
  • Quorum-sensing allows bacteria to monitor population density.
  • Two non-acyl HSL systems in specific phytopathogens are described.

Conclusions:

  • Quorum-sensing is a critical bacterial adaptation strategy.
  • Acyl HSLs are key mediators of bacterial communication.
  • Understanding these systems is vital for controlling bacterial pathogens.