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Radioprotection by metals: selenium.
J F Weiss1, V Srinivasan, K S Kumar
1Radiation Biochemistry Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5145, USA.
Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1992
Summary
Selenium compounds like sodium selenite and selenomethionine show potential for radioprotection against acute radiation exposure. Selenomethionine offers better survival rates and lower toxicity compared to sodium selenite.
Area of Science:
- Space Medicine
- Radiation Biology
- Toxicology
Background:
- High-dose acute radiation exposure poses risks in space.
- Existing radioprotective agents have limitations in efficacy, toxicity, or duration.
- Metals offer minimal radioprotection (DRF ≤ 1.2).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the radioprotective potential of selenium (Se) compounds.
- To compare the efficacy and toxicity of sodium selenite and selenomethionine.
- To explore combinations of Se with other radioprotectors.
Main Methods:
- Mice were injected with sodium selenite or selenomethionine before or after 60Co irradiation.
- Equitoxic doses (one-fourth LD10) of Se compounds were administered.
- Survival rates and toxicity (lethal, behavioral) were assessed after 9-Gy and 10-Gy exposures.
- Combinations of sodium selenite with WR-2721 were also tested.
Main Results:
- Both sodium selenite and selenomethionine enhanced 30-day survival in mice irradiated at 9 Gy.
- Selenomethionine significantly increased survival after 10-Gy exposure.
- Selenomethionine exhibited lower lethal and behavioral toxicity than sodium selenite at equivalent Se doses.
- Sodium selenite combined with WR-2721 enhanced radioprotection and reduced WR-2721's lethal toxicity.
Conclusions:
- Selenium compounds, particularly selenomethionine, demonstrate significant radioprotective capabilities.
- Selenomethionine presents a favorable profile with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
- Further research into prolonged Se administration for long-term radiation effects is warranted.