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Related Experiment Videos

Wheat production in controlled environments.

F B Salisbury1, B Bugbee, D Bubenheim

  • 1Plant Science Department, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4820, USA.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Optimizing wheat growth in controlled environments (CELSS) for space missions requires careful control of light, temperature, and nutrients. Cooler temperatures and shorter days increase seed yield, crucial for life support systems.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Astrobiology
  • Controlled Environment Agriculture

Background:

  • Controlled-environment agriculture is essential for sustainable life support systems in space.
  • Wheat is a vital crop for human nutrition and biomass production in extraterrestrial habitats.
  • Optimizing wheat cultivation is key to meeting the food demands of lunar or Martian bases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize environmental conditions for maximum wheat yield and quality in controlled-environment life-support systems (CELSS).
  • To identify suitable wheat cultivars and breeding lines for space-based agriculture.
  • To determine the minimum space and energy requirements for wheat production per person in a CELSS.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled environmental parameters including temperature, irradiance, photoperiod, CO2, humidity, and wind velocity.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Life Support SystemsNASA Discipline Number 61-10NASA Program CELSSNon-NASA Center

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  • Recirculating hydroponic systems with pH control (HNO3) and nutrient ratio management (NO3/NH4).
  • Evaluation of approximately 600 wheat cultivars and development of specialized breeding lines, including ultra-dwarf varieties.

    • Main Results:

    • Yields ranging from 23 to 57 g m-2 d-1 of edible biomass were achieved.
    • Biomass production increased linearly with photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) up to 1700 micromoles m-2 s-1.
    • Cooler temperatures (20°C) and shorter days significantly increased seed number per head, enhancing overall yield (g m-2), despite lengthening the life cycle.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal wheat cultivation in CELSS requires precise control over environmental factors.
    • Ultra-dwarf wheat lines show promise for high yields and harvest indices in controlled environments.
    • Wheat production is feasible for space-based life support, with defined space and energy requirements per individual.