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Heavy-ion induced genetic changes and evolution processes.

C H Yang1, L M Craise, M Durante

  • 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Galactic cosmic rays on Mars can cause irreversible genetic mutations and chromosome damage. This radiation may drive the evolution of life by increasing DNA mutation rates, potentially comparable to Earth's spontaneous mutation rate.

Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Evolutionary Genetics

Background:

  • Space exploration missions to the Moon and Mars involve exposure to higher levels of galactic cosmic rays and radiation doses compared to Earth.
  • Understanding the biological effects of space radiation is crucial for assessing the potential for life beyond Earth and for protecting astronauts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of heavy ion radiation, simulating space radiation environments.
  • To evaluate the potential role of Martian radiation in the evolution of life, specifically concerning mutation rates and genetic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies exposing cells to heavy ion radiation to observe mutations and chromosome aberrations.
  • Analysis of radiation-induced genetic changes, including chromosome translocations, deletions, and hyperploidy.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Number 45-10NASA Discipline Radiation HealthNASA Program Radiation Health

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  • Comparative analysis of Martian radiation levels with Earth's spontaneous mutation rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Heavy ion radiation effectively induces mutations and chromosome aberrations, with high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy-ion induced mutants showing potential irreversibility.
    • Ionizing radiation, including heavy particles, is effective in causing hyperploidy (an increase in chromosome number).
    • The estimated mutation frequency from Martian radiation levels may be comparable to Earth's spontaneous mutation rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Space radiation, particularly heavy ions, can cause significant and potentially irreversible genetic damage.
    • Radiation-induced genetic alterations, such as hyperploidy and DNA rearrangement, could influence the evolution of life.
    • The radiation environment on Mars may provide a sufficient mutation rate to support the adaptation and evolution of potential Martian life.