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Planetary protection program for Mars 94/96 mission.

G Rogovski1, V Bogomolov, M Ivanov

  • 1NPO Lavotchkine, Moscow, Russia.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Mars exploration missions like Mars 94/96 require strict planetary protection. This involves detailed decontamination procedures for spacecraft to prevent contamination of the Martian environment and protect life detection experiments.

Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrobiology
  • Space Mission Engineering

Background:

  • Mars surface exploration began with the VIKING mission in 1975, providing initial data on Martian terrain, atmosphere, and meteorology.
  • Current space exploration focuses on larger-scale surface investigations, with numerous projects planned by major space agencies.
  • The Mars 94/96 mission is poised to significantly contribute to large-scale Martian surface data generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the planetary protection requirements for the Mars 94/96 mission.
  • To detail the decontamination techniques and procedures for spacecraft and probes.
  • To ensure the protection of the Martian environment and life detection experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Review and application of COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) Policy for planetary protection.

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  • Development and implementation of specific decontamination protocols for the Mars 94/96 mission hardware.
  • Establishment of control procedures to verify the effectiveness of decontamination.

    • Main Results:

    • Updated COSPAR recommendations based on knowledge of microbial survival conditions on Mars.
    • Defined decontamination requirements tailored for the Mars 94/96 mission.
    • Procedures for realizing and controlling spacecraft decontamination are established.

    Conclusions:

    • Planetary protection is crucial for Mars exploration, safeguarding both the environment and scientific objectives.
    • The Mars 94/96 mission will adhere to stringent decontamination protocols.
    • Effective decontamination is essential for successful and scientifically valid Mars exploration.