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Preparations for CELSS flight experiments with wheat.

F Salisbury1, L Gillespie, G Bingham

  • 1Department of Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
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Superdwarf wheat grown in space will be studied for microgravity effects on development and gas exchange. Ground studies reveal low light delays plant development, with peat:perlite:vermiculite showing promise as a rooting substrate.

Area of Science:

  • Plant science
  • Space biology
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Space exploration requires understanding plant growth in microgravity.
  • Previous research indicates environmental factors like light and water affect plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of microgravity on Superdwarf wheat life cycle development.
  • To measure key physiological processes (photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration) in space.
  • To evaluate plant growth chamber environments and optimize conditions for space experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Conducting short-term space shuttle and long-term space station Mir experiments.
  • Utilizing modified Plant Growth Unit (PGU) on shuttle and Svet/Svetoblock 2/Oasis on Mir.
  • Performing ground-based studies to simulate space growth chamber conditions (low light, controlled water/nutrient supply).
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Life Support SystemsNon-NASA Center

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  • Testing various rooting substrates for optimal plant support.

    • Main Results:

    • Ground studies demonstrate that low light levels (50-400 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) significantly delay wheat developmental stages compared to higher light (400 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹).
    • A 1:1:1 mixture of peat:perlite:vermiculite is identified as a potentially optimal rooting substrate for shuttle experiments.
    • Low irradiance (100-250 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and water/nutrient supply are identified as critical challenges for space-based plant growth.

    Conclusions:

    • Microgravity and controlled environmental factors significantly impact wheat development and physiology.
    • Optimized rooting substrates and light conditions are crucial for successful plant cultivation in space.
    • Further research is needed to address challenges in water/nutrient delivery and low light for long-duration space experiments.