Controllable passive detectors for study of the radiation environment in space and the atmosphere

We propose to study the radiation environment on board different flight vehicles: cosmos-type satellites, orbital stations, Space Shuttles and civil (sonic and supersonic) aircraft. These investigations will be carried out with single type of passive detector, namely, nuclear photoemulsions (NPE) with adjustable threshold of particle detection within broad range of linear energy transfer (LET) that is done by means of the technique of selective development of NPE exposed in space. These investigations will allow, one to determine: integral spectra of LET of charged particles of cosmic ray (CR) over a wide range from 2.0 to 5 x 10(4) MeV/cm in biological tissue; differential energy spectra of fast neutrons (1-20 MeV); estimation of absorbed and equivalent doses from charged and neutral component CR; charge and energy spectra of low energy nuclei (E < or = 100 MeV) with Z > or = 2 having in view the extreme hazard radiation to biological objects and microelectronic schemes taken on board inside and outside of these different flight vehicles with exposures from several days to several months. The investigation of radiation environment on board the airplanes depending on the flight parameters will be conducted using emulsions of different sensitivity without any controlling of threshold sensitivity (Akopova et al., 1996). The proposed detector can be used in the joint experiments on the new International Cosmic Station "Alpha".